When a constraint is binding, the flow on the line is at its operating limit — but operating limits are typically 60-80% of the thermal rating due to N-1 contingency margins, stability limits, and voltage constraints. We apply a 70% derating factor to the thermal rating as a midpoint estimate of actual constrained flow.
Thermal ratings by voltage class:
60-70 kV
75-100 MW thermal
→ 53-70 MW est. flow
115 kV
250 MW thermal
→ 175 MW est. flow
230 kV
700 MW thermal
→ 490 MW est. flow
500 kV
2,000 MW thermal
→ 1,400 MW est. flow
Validation:
Our Path 15 corridor estimate ($336M) falls between the TPP's 2034 modeled cost ($389M) and a pro-rated 2034 figure, providing reasonable confidence in these assumptions.
Caveats:
Actual line ratings vary by conductor type, ambient temperature, wind, and span length.
The 70% factor is a system-wide average; individual lines may be higher or lower.
Transformers use the higher-voltage-side rating as a proxy, which may overestimate.
Lines with unknown voltage (shown as "?") are excluded from this view.
For authoritative dollar figures, use CAISO TPP Table 4.6-1 (GridView production cost model).
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Genuinely overlooked — no intervention
Studied/acknowledged but deferred or rejected
Intervention approved
Not yet researched
Not applicable (500 kV / stability / transformer)
Full opacity = renewable-driven | Reduced = load/other